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Membrane bioreactors (MBRs) have been used since the early 2000s in North America as a conventional wastewater treatment process that combines the benefits of a secondary clarifier and a tertiary filter. More recently, MBRs have been considered for potable reuse schemes in place of a conventional secondary clarifier followed by an ultrafiltration membrane system because of their advantages in footprint and efficiency. When an MBR is implemented for potable reuse, special considerations for design and operation need to be considered.

